【英语常用基础句型58句】在学习英语的过程中，掌握一些常用的句型结构是非常重要的。这些基础句型不仅有助于提高表达能力，还能帮助学习者更自然地进行口语和写作。以下是英语中常见的58个基础句型的总结与分类，便于理解和记忆。
一、基本句型结构
| 序号 | 句型结构 | 中文解释 | 示例 |
| 1 | S + V | 主语 + 动词 | He runs. |
| 2 | S + V + O | 主语 + 动词 + 宾语 | She eats an apple. |
| 3 | S + V + IO + DO | 主语 + 动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 | I gave her a book. |
| 4 | S + V + O + C | 主语 + 动词 + 宾语 + 宾补 | They elected him president. |
| 5 | S + V + Adv | 主语 + 动词 + 状语 | He speaks clearly. |
| 6 | S + V + O + Adv | 主语 + 动词 + 宾语 + 状语 | She reads books quickly. |
二、疑问句型
| 序号 | 句型结构 | 中文解释 | 示例 |
| 7 | Do/Does + S + V | 一般现在时疑问句 | Does she like coffee? |
| 8 | Did + S + V | 一般过去时疑问句 | Did you go to school? |
| 9 | Is/Are + S + ... | 一般现在时be动词疑问句 | Is he a teacher? |
| 10 | Was/Were + S + ... | 一般过去时be动词疑问句 | Were they late? |
| 11 | Can + S + V | 一般现在时情态动词疑问句 | Can you swim? |
| 12 | Could + S + V | 过去时情态动词疑问句 | Could you help me? |
三、否定句型
| 序号 | 句型结构 | 中文解释 | 示例 |
| 13 | S + do/does not + V | 一般现在时否定 | He does not like it. |
| 14 | S + did not + V | 一般过去时否定 | She did not go. |
| 15 | S + is/are not + ... | 一般现在时be动词否定 | They are not students. |
| 16 | S + was/were not + ... | 一般过去时be动词否定 | He was not here. |
| 17 | S + can not + V | 情态动词否定 | I cannot speak French. |
| 18 | S + could not + V | 过去情态动词否定 | She could not come. |
四、特殊疑问句型
| 序号 | 句型结构 | 中文解释 | 示例 |
| 19 | What + be + S + ...? | 问事物 | What is this? |
| 20 | Where + be + S + ...? | 问地点 | Where is the library? |
| 21 | When + do/does + S + V? | 问时间 | When do you go to bed? |
| 22 | Why + do/does + S + V? | 问原因 | Why did you leave? |
| 23 | How + be + S + ...? | 问方式 | How is the weather? |
| 24 | How + do/does + S + V? | 问方式 | How do you go to school? |
五、复合句型
| 序号 | 句型结构 | 中文解释 | 示例 |
| 25 | S + V + that-clause | 主语 + 动词 + that从句 | I think that he is right. |
| 26 | S + V + if-clause | 主语 + 动词 + if从句 | She asked if I was coming. |
| 27 | S + V + when-clause | 主语 + 动词 + when从句 | I remember when we met. |
| 28 | S + V + because-clause | 主语 + 动词 + because从句 | He failed because he didn’t study. |
| 29 | S + V + so...that... | 主语 + 动词 + so...that... | It was so cold that we stayed home. |
| 30 | S + V + such...that... | 主语 + 动词 + such...that... | It was such a good movie that I watched it twice. |
六、被动语态句型
| 序号 | 句型结构 | 中文解释 | 示例 |
| 31 | S + be + V-ed | 一般现在时被动 | The book is written by him. |
| 32 | S + was/were + V-ed | 一般过去时被动 | The car was broken. |
| 33 | S + will be + V-ed | 一般将来时被动 | The work will be finished tomorrow. |
| 34 | S + have/has been + V-ed | 现在完成时被动 | The letter has been sent. |
| 35 | S + had been + V-ed | 过去完成时被动 | The house had been repaired. |
| 36 | S + am/is/are being + V-ed | 现在进行时被动 | The problem is being discussed. |
七、虚拟语气句型
| 序号 | 句型结构 | 中文解释 | 示例 |
| 37 | If + S + did..., S + would + V | 条件句（现在） | If I were rich, I would travel. |
| 38 | If + S + had done..., S + would have + V-ed | 条件句（过去） | If I had studied, I would have passed. |
| 39 | S + should + V | 建议或义务 | You should go now. |
| 40 | S + wish + S + did | 表达愿望 | I wish I were a bird. |
| 41 | S + wish + S + had done | 表达过去愿望 | I wish I had gone. |
| 42 | S + would rather + S + did | 表达宁愿 | I would rather stay home. |
八、强调句型
| 序号 | 句型结构 | 中文解释 | 示例 |
| 43 | It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 其余部分 | 强调句 | It was John who called me. |
| 44 | It is/was + 时间/地点 + that + 其余部分 | 强调时间/地点 | It was yesterday that I saw her. |
九、倒装句型
| 序号 | 句型结构 | 中文解释 | 示例 |
| 45 | Never + S + V | 否定词前置 | Never have I seen such a thing. |
| 46 | Not until + 时间 + S + V | 不到……才 | Not until 8 o’clock did he arrive. |
| 47 | So + adj./adv. + that... | 如此……以至于 | So beautiful was the scene that I couldn’t move. |
十、其他常见句型
| 序号 | 句型结构 | 中文解释 | 示例 |
| 48 | There is/are + 名词 | 存在句 | There is a cat on the table. |
| 49 | There was/were + 名词 | 过去存在句 | There were many people at the party. |
| 50 | S + V + to do | 主语 + 动词 + 不定式 | I want to go. |
| 51 | S + V + doing | 主语 + 动词 + 动名词 | I enjoy swimming. |
| 52 | S + V + for + doing | 主语 + 动词 + 为……而做 | He thanked me for helping. |
| 53 | S + V + as + 名词 | 主语 + 动词 + 作为…… | She works as a teacher. |
| 54 | S + V + like + 名词 | 主语 + 动词 + 喜欢…… | I like apples. |
| 55 | S + V + with + 名词 | 主语 + 动词 + 和……一起 | She came with her friend. |
| 56 | S + V + from + 名词 | 主语 + 动词 + 来自…… | He comes from China. |
| 57 | S + V + about + 名词 | 主语 + 动词 + 关于…… | I talked about my trip. |
| 58 | S + V + into + 名词 | 主语 + 动词 + 进入…… | He turned into a frog. |
通过掌握这58个基础句型，学习者可以构建出更丰富的英语表达方式。建议结合实际语境进行练习，逐步提升语言运用能力。
